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GENERAL TEXTILE PROCESSES
Part -1 General aspects of dyeing
Fundamental principles of dyeing
M.clark,university of Leeds ,UK
Introduction
Principles of dyeing
Exhaust dyeing
Continuous dyeing
Printing
Classification systems for dyes
Classification of dyes by dye class
Conclusion
References
2 Structure and properties of textile materials
S. Grishanov ,De Montfort university,UK
Introduction
Classification and properties of textile fibers
Fiber properties related 0f textile fibers
Fibre properties related to textile technology
Classification and properties of basic textile products
Physical chemistry of fibre polymers
Cellulosic fibres
Man-made fibres
Sources of further information and advice
References
3 Pre-treatment and preparation of textile
Materials prior to dyeing
A.K.Roy choudhury government college of engineering and textile technology, serampore ,India
Introduction
Impurities in textile fibres
Aims of preparatory processes
Preparation of cotton materials
Inspection and mending
Shearing and cropping
Singeing
Enzymatic processing
Desizing process
Scouring of cotton and other cellulosic fibres
Mercerization
Preparation of proteineous materials
Carbonization and scouring of wool
Shrink-resist treatment for wool
Degumming of silk
Preparation of synthetic materials
Bleaching
Improvement of whiteness
References
4 Chemistry of dyeing
D.P chattopadhyay the maharaja sayajirao
University of baroda,India
Fundamental principles of direct dyeing
Fundamental principles of reactive dyeing
Fundamental principles of acid dyeing
Fundamental principles of vat dyeing
Fundamental principles of sulphur dyeing
Conclusions
References
5 thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing and dyebath
Monitoring systems
M.ferus-comelo smart lab ltd UK
Introduction
Thermodynamics of dyeing
Kinetics of dyeing
Dye bath monitoring systems
Sources of further information
References
Appendix: mathematical symbols
6 An overview of dye fastness testing
J.N. Chakra borty, national institute of technology
Jalandhar India
Introduction
Overview of dye fastness testing
Grading of fastness properties
Factors influencing dye fastness
Application
Conclusions
Sources of further information and advice
References
7 )Molecular modeling and predicting dye properties
A. El-shafel D hinks and H.S freeman north Carolina
State university USA
Introduction
Prediction of wavelength of maximum absorption
Effect of crystal packing on
Ab initio calculations of crystal structures
Quantitative-structure activity relationship in dye-fiber
Affinity prediction
References
8) Methods and machinery for the dyeing process
G.P.Nair, technical advisor technocrat society, India
Introduction
Jiggers
Beam dyeing machines
Contents
Winches
Jet dyeing machines with hydraulic flow system
Airflow dyeing machines with aerodynamic flow system
Atmospheric soft flow/overflow dyeing machines
HT soft flow/overflow dyeing machines
Machines to dye fabric in rope/open-width form
Semi-continuous and continuous open-width dyeing machines
Future trends
References
Appendix: list of machinery manufacturers
Part-II Dye types and processes
The chemistry of reactive dyes and their application
Processes
D.M. LEWIS, university of Leeds, UK
Introduction
The history of reactive dye development
Chemistry of commercially available reactive dyes
The application of reactive dyes to cellulosic fibres
The application of reactive dyes to natural and synthetic
Polyamide fibres
Miscellaneous methods to covalently bond dyes to fibres
Conclusions
References
10) Disperse dyes
M.L.GULRAJANI, Indian institute of technology,
Delhi, India
Introduction
Developments in disperse dyes
Types of disperse dye
Properties of disperse dyes
Future trends
References
11) Natural dyes
B.H.PATEL, the maharaja sayajirao university of baroda ,India
Introduction
Classification of natural dyes
Chemistry of natural dyes
Chemistry and types of mordants
Application of mordants to textiles
Application of natural dyes to textiles
Fastness properties of dyes
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
12) Direct dyes
N. SEKAR, Institute of chemical technology Mumbai, India
Introduction
Classification of direct dyes according to dying characteristics
Classification based on chemical structure
Bisazine dyes and copper phthalocyanine dyes
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
13 ) Metal-complex dyes
J.N chakra borty, national institute of technology
Jalandhar India
Introduction
General properties
Chemistry of dyes
Classification and nomenclature
Mordant dyes
Premetallised dyes
Fastness of dyed fabrics
The problem of waste water
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
14) Sulphur dyes
J.N chakra borty, national institute of technology
Jalandhar India
Introduction
Properties of sulphur dyes
Chemistry of sulphur dyes
Synthesis
Classification of sulphur dyes
Practical application
Reducing systems
Oxidizing agents
Bronzing of dyeing
Fastness of dyed textiles
Tendering effect on cellulose
Waste-water load from sulphur dyebath
Strengths and limitations
Stripping of sulphur dyes
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
15) Acid dyes
N.SEKAR,Institute of chemical technology Mumbai, India
Introduction
Classification of acid dyes
Azo acid dyes
Anthraquinone dyes
Acid nitro dyes
Triphenylmethane acid dyes
Water-repellent dyes
Acid dyes with inherent light fastness
Acid dyes free from 1-naphtylamine
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
16 Environmentally friendly dyes
R.B CHAVAN,bahir dar university ,Ethiopia
Introduction
Classification of dyes
Environmental issues in dyeing
Environmentally friendly dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes
Alternative reducing systems for the dyeing of cotton
With vat and sulphur dyes
Environmentally friendly dyeing of wool
Environmentally friendly dyeing of polyester
Further trends
References
17) Fluorescent dyes
R.M. CHRISTIE, heriot-watt university, UK
Introduction
Fluorescence
Chemical types of fluorescent dye
Textile applications of fluorescent dyes
Other applications of fluorescent dyes
Future trends
Sources of further information
References
18) Near-infrared dyes
S-H.KM,Kyungpook national university, south korea
And Y-A.son ,chungnam national university,south korea
Introduction
Properties of near-infrared (NIR) dyes
Types of NAIR dyes
Applications
Future trends
References
19) Azoic dyeing
D.P. chattopadhyay,the maharaja sayajirao
University of baroda ,India
Introduction
Advantages and disadvantages of azoic dyeing
Chemistry of azoic dyeing
Colors obtainable using azoic components
Methods for dissolution of naphthol
Naphtholation and dyeing of cotton
Intermediate treatments
Development
After-treatment
Dyeing of silk
Dyeing of polyester
Dyeing of nylon
Fastness properties
Stripping of azoic colors
Environmental issues associated with azoic colors
Conclusion
References