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WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING
Contents
Chapter-1 water systems
Introduction
Historical development
Sources of water
Water supply systems
Chapter-2 Hydrology
The water cycle
Precipitation
Measurement of rainfall
Computation of average rainfall over a basin
Evaporation and transpiration
Run-off
Computation of-off
Estimation of maximum rate of run-off or flood
Discharge
Chapter-3 Surface sources
Storage reservoirs
Investigations for reservoir planning
Selection of site for a reservoir
Storage capacity and yield
Dams
Intakes
Chapter-4 Ground water :wells
Introduction
Types of aquifers
Storage coefficient
Well hydraulics
Determination of aquifer constant T
Characteristics well losses
Specific capacity of well
Interference among wells
Fully penetrating artesian-gravity well
Partially penetrating artesian well
Spherical flow in a well
Tube wells
Methods for drilling tube wells
Well shrouding and well development
Open wells
Yield of an open well
Selection of suitable site for a tube well
Section of a tube well
Unsteady flow
Other sources of underground water
Radial collector wells
Chapter-5 Water demand and quantity
Introduction
Design period
Population forecast
Factors affecting population growth
Determination of population for inter-censal
And post-censal years
Water demand
Factors affecting rate of demand
Variations in rate of demand
Chapter-6 Quality of water
Introduction
Common impurities in water and their effect
Quality of sources
Water analysis
Physical examination
Micro-organisms in water
Microbiological examination of water
The nuisance bacteria
Common water-borne diseases
Standards of purified water
Chapter-7 Unit operations
Introduction
Important unit operations
Gas transfer
Ion transfer
Solute stabilization
Solids transfer
Water treatment processes
Chapter-8 Screening and aeration
Screening
Coarse screens or bar screens
Fine screens
Micro-strainers
Aeration
Types of aerators
Factors governing aeration or gas transfer
Design of gravity aerators
Design of fixed spray aerators
Limitations of aeration
Chapter -9 Sedimentation
Introduction
Types of settlings
Settling of discrete particles
Types of sedimentation tanks
Horizontal flow sedimentation tank
Size-weight composition and removal
Maximum velocity to prevent bed uplift
Or scour
Design elements
Setting tank efficiency
Details of plan sedimentation tanks
Sedimentation with coagulation: clarification
Common coagulants
Methods of feeding coagulants
Mixing devices
Flocculation
Clarification
Sludge blanket tanks or solid
Contact clarifier
The pulsator clarifier
Shallow depth sedimentation: tube settler
Illustrative examples
Design examples
Chapter -10 filtration
Introduction
Theory of filtration
Classification of filters
Filter media
Slow sand filters
Rapid sand filter: gravity type
Working and washing of rapid sand filters
Loss of head and negative head
Filter troubles
Performance of rapid sand filters
Comparison of slow sand and
Rapid sand filters
Filtration hydraulics :
Carmen-kozney equation :
Rose equation
Flow through expanded beds
Pressure filters
Double filtration: roughing filter
Dual media and mixed media filters
Upflow filters
Biflow filters
Micro-strainers
Diatomite filters
Chapter -11 disinfection
Introduction
Methods of disinfection
Minor methods of disinfection
Chlorination
Forms of application of chlorine
Application of chlorine
Forms of chlorine
Forms of chlorination
Tests for free and combined chlorine
Factors affecting bactericidal efficiency
Of chlorine
Kinetics of chemical disinfection
Iodine treatment
Bromine treatment
Ozone treatment
Chapter-12 Water softening
Introduction
Type of hardness and methods of
Their removal
Lime-soda process
Lime-soda softening plant
Water softening accelerator
Zeolite process
Advantages and disadvantages of lime soda and zeolite
Process
Demineralization or deionization process
Chapter-13 miscellaneous treatment methods
Removal of iron and manager
Colour odour and taste removal
Activated carbon treatment
Use of copper sulphate
Fluoridation
Defluoridation
Desalination
Chapter -14 Pumps and pumping
Necessity of pumping
Types of pumps and their choice
Displacement pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Comparison of reciprocating and
Centrifugal pumps
Jet pump
Air lift pumps
Well pumps
Centrigual pump installation
Characteristics of centrifugal pump
Multiple pump systems
Variable speed operation
Suction lift limitations :cavitation
System head curve
Operating point or operating range
Of a pump
Selection of pumping units
Power requirements of pumps
Economical diameter of pumping mains
Chapter-15 convenience of water
Introduction
Pipes
Cast iron pipes
Wrought iron and galvanized iron pipes
Steel pipes
Cement concrete pipes
Asbestos cement pipes
Copper and lead pipes
Wood-stave pipes
Plastics pipes
Stresses in pipes
Corrosion in pipes
Pipe appurtenances
Head loss through pipes
Chapter -16 Distribution of water
Introduction
Methods of distribution
Pressure in distribution mains
Systems of water supply
Storage and distribution reservoirs
Types of storage and distribution reservoirs
Capacity of distribution reservoir
Pipe hydraulics
Pipes in series and parallel
Layout of distribution system
Design of distribution system
Analysis of pressure in distribution system
Hardy cross method
Chapter-17 Water supply for buildings
Materials for service pipes
Service connection
Size of service pipes
Water meters
Valves
Loss of head through pipes and pipe fittings
Appendix
Index