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MINE SURVEYING

Mining terminology

Design of horizontal control networks in underground mines

Monumentation and marking of points

Angle measurements

Distance measurements

Traverse computations

Error propagation in open-end traverses

Mine orlentation surveys: basic principles and classification

Shaft plumbing through one vertical shaft: general methodology

Shaft-plumbing procedure

Selection of the plumb bob

Lowering and stabilizing the plumb bobs

Influence of air currents

Connecting surveys using the welsbach method

Connecting surveys using the quadrilateral method

Orlentation through two vertical shafts

Gyroscopic methods of mine orientation: introduction

Azimuth determination

Determination of the constant C

Callbration value E

Meridlan convergence

Optical and laser plummets

Vertical control surveys and leveling