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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLANNING
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
What is ITS?
ITS today and tomorrow
ITS training and education needs
Scope of the book
Organization of the book
Review questions
Reference
2 Fundamentals of traffic flow and control
Traffic flow elements
Flow-density relationships
Fundamental diagram of traffic flow
Traffic flow models
Greenshields model
Alternative traffic flow models
Shock waves in traffic streams
Shock wave velocity
Shock wave analysis example
Traffic signalization and control principles
Traffic signalization principles
Acturated signal control
Signal coordination
Ramp metering
Types of ramp control
Ramp metering operational concept
Traffic simulation
Traffic simulation models
Examples of traffic simulation models
Basic guidelines for applying simulation models
Conclusions
Review questions
References
3 ITS user services
ITS user services
ITS user services bundles
Travel and traffic management
Pretrip travel information
En route driver information
Traffic control
Incident management
Travel demand management
Emissions testing and mitigation
Highway-rail intersection
Public transportation operations
Public transportation management
En rout transit information
Personalized public transit
Public travel security
Electronic payment
Commercial vehicles operations
Commercial vehicle electronic clearance
Automated roadside safety inspection
Onboard safety monitoring
Commercial vebicle administrative processes
Hazardous materials incident response
Freight mobility
Emergency management
Emergency notification and personal security
Emergency vehicle management
Advanced vehicle control and safety systems
Longitudinal collision avoidance
Lateral collision avoidance
Intersection collision avoidance
Vision enhancement for collision avoidance
Safety readiness
Precrabsh restraint deployment
Automated highway system
Information management
Maintenance and construction management
Conclusions
Review questions
References
4 ITS applications and their benefits
Freeway and incident management systems
FIMS objectives
FIMS functions
Traffic surveillance and incident detection
Ramp control
Incident management
Information dissemination
Real-world freeway and incident management systems
And their traffic
Advanced arterial traffic control systems
Historical development of computer traffic control
Systems
Adaptive traffic control algorithms
Real-world adaptive traffic control systems and their benefits
Advanced public transportation systems
AVL systems
Transit operations software
Transit information systems
Electronic fare payment systems
Multimodal traveler information systems
Conclusions
Review questions
References
5 ITS architecture
Regional and project ITS architecture
Why do we need an ITS architecture ?
Concept of operations
National ITS architecture
User services and user service requirements
Logical architecture
Physical architecture
Equipment packages
Market packages
Proposed procedure for developing a regional ITS
architecture
Architecture development tool
Conclusions
Review questions
References
6 ITS planning
Transportation planning and ITS
Planning and the national ITS architecture
Planning for ITS
Market package-based ITS planning process
Traceability-based ITS planning process
Case study: northern Virginia ITS planning exercise
Using the traceability-based approach
Integrating ITS into 6transportation planning
Conclusions
Review questions
References
References
7 ITS standards
Introduction
Standard development process
National ITS architecture and standards
ITS standards application areas
Centerto-center (C2C) applications
Center-to-vebicle
Roadside-to-vebicle
Roadside-to-roadside
NTCIP
Standards testing
Conclusions
References
8 ITS evaluation
Introduction
Project selection at the planning level
Benefit-cost analysis
Relative rating and ranking
Deployment tracking
Impact assessment
Benefits by ITS components
Benefit estimation categories
Evaluation guidelines
Evaluation guidelines
Evaluation support tools
ITS deployment analysis system
Traffic simulation models
Challengers for ITS evaluation
Conclusions
Review questions
References
9 ITS challengers and opportunities
Mainstreaming ITS
System upgrade
System integration
Training needs
Funding
Privacy
Rulemaking and compliance
Resources sharing
ITS and national security
Conclusions
Review questions
References
About the authors
Index