High Rise Structures


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HIGH RISE STRUCTURES

Contents

Preface

Chapter-1 RC highrise buildings in seismic areas

Hiroyuki aoyama

Evolution of RC highrise buildings

Historic background

Technology examination at the building center

Of japan

Increase of highrise RC and the new RC project

Structural planning

Plan of buildings

Structural systems

Elevation of buildings

Typical structural members

Material and construction

Concrete

Reinforcement

Use of precast elements

Preassemblage of reinforcement cage

Re-bar splices and anchorage

Concrete placement

Construction management

Seismic design

Basic principles

Design criteria and procedure

Design seismic loads

Required ultimate load carrying capacity

First phase design

Second phase design

Calculation of ultimate load carrying capacity

Ductility of girders

Column strength and ductility

Beam-column joints

Minimum requirements

Imaginary accident

Experimental verification

Earthquake response analysis

Linear analysis

Nonlinear lumped mass analysis

Nonlinear frame analysis

Input earthquake motions

Damping

Results of response analysis

For future development

Factors contributed to high-rise RC development

Need for higher strength materials

 

Chapter-2 The new RC project

Hisahiro hiraishi

Background of the project

Target of the project

Organization for the project

Outline of results

Outline of results

Development of materials for high strength RC

Development of construction standard

Development of structural performance evaluation

Development of structural design

Feasibility studies for new RC buildings

Dissemination of results

 

Chapter-3 New RC materials

Michihiko shiohara

High strength concrete

Material and mix of high strength concrete

Cement

Aggregate

Chemical admixtures

Mineral admixtures

Mix design

Properties of high strength concrete

Workability

Standard test method for compressive strength

Mechanical properties

Drying shrinkage and creep

Durability

Fire resistance

Strength reinforcing bars

Reinforcing committee

Advantages and problems of high strength re-bars

Relationship of new re-bars to current JIS

Processed standards for high strength Re-bars

General outlines

Specified yield strength

Strain at yield plateau

Yield ratio

Elongation and bendability

Method of manufacture and chemical component

Fire resistance and durability

Effect of high temperature

Corrosion resistance

Splice

Mechanical properties of reinforced concrete

Bond and anchorage

Beam bar anchorage in exterior joints

Bond anchorage in interior joints

Flexural bond resistance of beam bars

Lateral confinement

Stress-strain relationship of confined concrete

Upper limit of stress in lateral reinforcement

Buckling of axial re-bars

Concrete under plane stress condition

Biaxial loading test of plain concrete plate

Tests of reinforced concrete plate under In-plane

Shear

 

Chapter -4 New RC structural elements

Takashi kaminosno

Introduction

Beams and columns

Bond-splitting failure of beams after yielding

Slab effect on flexural behavior of beams

Deformation capacity of columns after yielding

Columns subjected to bidirectional flexure

Vertical splitting of columns under

High axial compression

Shear strength of columns

Shear strength of beams

Walls

Flexural capacity of shear-compression failure

Type walls

Deformation capacity of walls under bidirectional

Loadings

Shear strength of slender walls

Beam-column joints

Bond in the interior beam-column joints

Shear capacity of 3-D joints under

Bidirectional loading

Shear capacity of exterior joints

Concrete strength difference between first story

Column and foundation

Method of structural performance evaluation

Restoring force characteristics of beams

Initial stiffness

Flexural cracking

Yield defection

Flexural strength

Limiting defection

Equivalent viscous damping

Deformation capacity of columns

Flexural compression failure

Bond splitting along axial bars

Shear failure in the hinge zone after yielding

Shear strength of beams and columns

Flexural strength of walls

Shear-strength of beam-column joints

Connections of first story column to foundation

Bearing stress

Splitting stress

Strengthening

Concluding remarks

 

Chapter- 5 finite element analysis

Hiroshi noguchi

Fundamentals of FEM

FEM and reinforced concrete

History of finite element analysis of

Reinforced concrete

Modeling  of RC

Two-dimensional analysis and three-dimensional

Analysis

Modeling of concrete

Modeling of reinforcement

Modeling of cracks

Modeling of bond between reinforcement and concrete

FEM of RC members using high

Strength materials

Comparative analysis of beams, panels and

Shear walls

Material constitutive laws

Uniaxial   compressive stress-strain curves of concrete

Compressive strength reduction coefficient of cracked concrete

Confinement effect of concrete

Biaxial effect of concrete

Tension stiffening characteristics of concrete

Shear stiffness of a crack plane

Cracking strength

Stress-strain relationship of reinforcement

Dowel action of reinforcement

Bond characteristics

Analytical models and analytical results

Analysis of beam test specimens

Analysis of panel specimens

Analysis of shear walls

Conclusions

FEM parametric analysis of high strength beams

Objectives and methods

The effect of shear reinforcement ratio

Effects of concrete confinement models with a

Constant value of Pw Qwy

Conclusions

FEM parametric analysis of high strength columns

Objectives and methods

Analytical results

Conclusions

FEM parametric analysis of high strength

Beam-column joints

Objectives and methods

Comparison between test and analytical results

Results of parametric analysis

Conclusions

FEM parametric analysis of high strength walls

Objectives and methods

Outline of research

Analytical results and discussions

FEM parametric analysis of high strength panels

Objectives and methods

Analytical results and summary

 

Chapter-6 structural design principles

Masaomi tehigawara 

Features of new RC structural design guidelines

Earthquake resistance design in three stages

Proposal of design earthquake motion

Bidirectional and vertical earthquake motions

Clarification of required safety

Variation of material strength and accuracy

In strength evaluation

Structural design of foundation and s

Oil-structure interaction

Earthquake resistant design criteria

Design earthquake intensity

Design drift limitations

Design criteria

Design criteria

Design earthquake motion

Characteristics of earthquake motion

New RC earthquake motion

Relation of model and earthquake motion

Fixed base model

Sway-rocking model

Soil-foundation-structure interaction model

Restoring force characteristics of members

Dependable and upper bound strengths

Member modeling

Hysteresis

Direction of seismic design

Design forces in arbitrary direction

Bidirectional earthquake input

Effect of vertical motion

Foundation structure

Design examples

60-story space frame apartment building

40-story double tube and code-in-tube

Office buildings

Double tube structure

Core-in-tube structure

Medium rise office buildings

15-story space frame ,25 story

Space frame

Chapter- 7 Earthquake response analysis

Toshimi kabeyasawa

Earthquake response analysis in seismic design

Structural model

Three-dimensional frame model

Two –dimensional frame model

Multimass model

Soil-structure model

Member models

One-component model for beam

Multiaxial spring model for column

Wall model

Nonlinear response of SDF system

Displacement-based design procedure

Correlation of nonlinear response to

Linear response

Numerical analysis

Numerical analysis of equation of motion

Release of unbalanced force

Chapter-8 constriction of new RC structures

Yoshihiro masuda

Introduction

Full scale construction testing

Objectives

Outline of construction testing

Concrete mix

Reinforcement construction

Concrete construction

Fresh concrete

Construction of column specimens

Construction of frame specimen

Measurement of internal temperature

Strength development

Observation of cracks on frame specimen

Conclusion

Construction standards for new RC

General provisions

Reinforcement

Formwork

Concrete

General

Concrete quality

Material

Mix

Manufacture of concrete

Placing and surface finishing

Curing

Compressive strength inspection

 

Chapter-9 feasibility studies and examples buildings

Hideo fujitani

Highrise flat slab buildings

Highrise flat slab condominium with core walls

Highrise flat slab condominium with curved walls

Megastructures

OP200 straight type

OP300 straight type

OP300 tapered type

BR200 K-brace type

BR300 x-Brace type

Concluding remarks

A box column structure for thermal power plant

Example buildings

Index