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MAN-MADE FIBRES AND TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING

Preface

1 General information

2 Legal regulations

Air and noise

EU immission protection

Relevant laws in germany

Water/waste water

EU protection of water

Relevant laws in Germany

Waste

EU legislation on waste

Relevant laws in germany

Chemicals

EU legislation on chemicals

Relevant laws in germany

Other ecological regulations

Fire safety standards

Azo colourants

Waste water relevance classification of auxiliaries according to TEGEWA

Classification of auxiliaries accorsing to the SCORE system

 

3 The textile chain

The nature of textile fibers

Textile processing

Wet-processing in textile finishing

Class of man chemicals used in the TFI

 

4 Pretreatment

Introduction

Pretreatment techniques

Mechanical treatment techniques

Wet-and thermo treatment techniques

Pretreatment of cotton, linen, flax and jute

Desizing of woven fabric

Scouring alkaline extraction /kiering

Bleaching

One-step desizing ,scouring and bleaching of cotton fabric

Mercerizing /caustic soda treatment

Optical brightening

Cationisation

Pretreatment of wool

Raw wool scouring

Carbonizing

Scouring/desizing

Crabbing/thermo-fixing/sanforizing

Fulling/felting

Anti-felting treatments for wool

Bleaching/Optical brightening of wool

Pretreatment of silk

Degumming/boiling-off

Fixation of serecin on silk

Weighting of silk

Plasma treatment of degummed silk

Bleaching of silk

Pretreatment of man-made fibers

Pretreatment of half –synthetic fibers

Pretreatment of synthetics

Pretreatment agents and auxiliaries

Bleaching agents and auxiliaries

Surfactants

Other pretreatment agents

 

5 Colouring

Introduction

Dyeing

General principles of dyeing

Dyeing techniques

Dyeing of c ellulose fibers

Dyeing of wool

Dyeing of silk

Dyeing of polyamide fibers

Dyeing of cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate

Dyeing of acrylic fibers

Dyeing of other synthetic fibers

Dyeing of fiber blends

Printing

General principles of printing

Printing techniques

Chemicals used for machine preparation and maintenance

Primary chemicals in printing pastes

Printing on cellulose

Printing on synthetic fibers

Printing on protein fibers

Dyestuffs

Acid dyes

Basic dyes

Direct dyes

Disperse dyes

Mordant dyes

Naphtol dyes

Reactive dyes

Sulphur dyes

Vat dyes

Natural dyes

Pigments

Solvent and ink-jet dyes

Colouring auxiliaries

Dyestuffs formulations

Other colouring auxiliaries

6 Finishing

Introduction

Finishing techniques

Mechanical/physical treatments

Chemical treatments

Coating and laminating

General finishing: refinement of look and feel

Optical brightening

Softening

Stiffening

Special breakthrough effects such as ajoure,devore , crepe,etc.

Delustring

Lustring and metallic effects

Sculptured effects such as seersucker ,crepe,cloque,etc,

Functional conditioning

Waterproof handle and filling refinement

Swelling resistance finshing

Shrink resistance finishing

Easy-care finishing: non-creasing and permanent press conditioning

Easy-care finishing of wool:anti-felting and shrink-resistance

Finishing using repellents

Non-slip,ladder-proof and anti-sang finishes

Finishing with flame retardants

Anti-electrostatic finishes

Antipilling finishing

Stabilizing against UV radiation and light

Finishing with biocides

Chemicals in coating and laminating

Other finishing chemicals

Antifoams

Fillers

Surfactants

Polymers

Stain blockers/soil repellents/soil release agents

Biocides

Agents and additives to promote bonding of fibers and threads

Intelligent textile

Finishing with microcapsules

Other concepts for intelligent/smart textiles

 

 

7 Environmental considerations for textile processes and chemicals

Textile production

Techniques for exhaust air, waste water and solid waste treatments

 Pretreatment

Dyeing

Printing

Finishing

Textile use

Toxicology

Labels

Disposal of textiles

 

8 Glossary on textile finishing

 

9 Summary