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Contents
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Structural Steel and Its Properties in Construction 4
1.3 Applications 7
1.4 Loads, Load Factors, and Load Combinations 13
2 Tension Members 14
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Design Criteria 14
2.3 ASD Method 15
2.4 LRFD Method 17
2.5 Effective Area of Riveted and Bolted Tension Members 20
2.6 Effective Area for Staggered Holes of Tension Members 21
2.7 Tension Rods in Design of Purlins 27
2.8 Limitation of Length of Tension Members on Stiffness:
Slenderness Ratio 25
2.9 Applications 25
3 Compression Members
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Derivation of Euler's Formula
3.3 Design Criteria for Compression Members Under
oncentric Load: ASD Method
3.4 Effective Length and Slenderness Ratio
3.5 Design Criteria for Compression Members
Under Concentric Load: LRFD Method
3.6 SI LRFD Design Criteria (Axial Compression) 60
3.7 Compression Members in Braced Frames: ASD Method 63
3.8 Axial Compression and Bending: ASD Method 64
3.9 Reduction in Live Loads 65
3.10 Columns Subject to Bending and Axial Force in a
Braced System: LRFD Method
3.11 Design of Columns for Braced and Unbraced Frames:
ASDMethod 82
4 Designs of Bending Members 106
4.1 Introduction 106
4.2 Simple Bending 106
4.3 Design of Beams and Other Flexural Members:
ASD Allowable Bending Stress 109
4.4 Deflections and Vibrations of Beams in Bending 116
4.5 Design for Flexure: LRFD Method 124
4.6 Use of the Load Factor Design Selection Table Zx
for Shapes Used as Beams 1128
4.7 Serviceability Design Considerations and the
LRFDMethod 132
5 Torsion and Bending 133
5.1 Introduction 133
5.2 Torsional Stresses 133
5.3 Plane Bending Stresses 137
5.4 Combining Torsional and Bending Stresses 137
5.5 Torsional End Conditions 138
5.6 Torsional Loading and End Conditions 139
5.7 Applications 144
6 Design of Bracings for Wind and Earthquake Forces 150
6.1 Introduction 150
6.2 Wind Forces 150
6.3 Wind Velocity Pressure 151
6.4 Selection of Basic Wind Speed (mph) 155
6.5 External Pressures and Combined External and
Internal Pressures
6.6 Wind Pressure Profile Against Buildings
6.7 Analysis of Braced Frames for Wind Forces
6.8 Introduction to Seismic Design
6.9 Equivalent Static Force Procedure
7 Connections 187
7.1 Introduction 187
7.2 Types of Connections 187
7.3 Framed Beam Connection: Bolted 190
7.4 Framed Beam Connection: Welded E70XX Electrodes for
Combination with Table II and Table III Connections 196
8 Anchor Bolts and Baseplates 201
8.1 Introduction 201
8.2 Design of Column Baseplates 201
9 Built-Up Beams: Plate Girders 210
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Design of Plate Girders by ASD Method
9.3 Approximate Method for Selection of Trial Section
10 Composite Construction
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Design Conceptualization and Assumptions
10.3 Development of Section Properties
10.4 Short-Cut Method for Determining Sxbc
10.5 Shear Connectors
10.6 Bethlehem Steel Table for Selecting Shear Connectors
10.7 LRFD Method: Design Assumptions
10.8 LRFD Flexural Members
11 Plastic Analysis and Design of Structures 294
11.1 Introduction 294
11.2 Bending of Beams 294
11.3 Design of Beams: Failure Mechanism Approach 301
11.4 Fixed End Beam 308
11.5 Plastic Hinges: Mechanism of Failure 310
11.6 Fixed End Beam with Multiple Concentrated Loads 317
11.7 Continuous Beams 319
11.8 Portal Frames 329
11.9 Minimum Thickness (Width-Thickness Ratio) 332
11.10 Plastic Analysis of Gabled Frames 337
12 Influence of Axial Forces on Plastic Moment 340
12.1 Introduction 340
12.2 Influence of Axial Forces on Plastic Moment Capacity 340
13 Rigid Connections 350
13.1 Introduction 351
13.2 Straight Corner Connection 355
13.3 Stiffener for a Straight Corner Connection 357
13.4 Haunched Connections 364
13.5 Haunched Connections with Concentrated Loads 368
13.6 Design Guides: Connections
14 Multistory Buildings: Plastic Design
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Allowable Stress vs. Plastic Design Methods
14.3 Application to Multistory Buildings
Index